Zibethum is obtained from the anal glands of
the civet cats of the Viverridae and
Nandiniidae families of Africa and Asia. Nowadays the paste in question is used
in the perfume industry, but in the eighteenth century it was employed for its
pharmaceutical properties, part of several antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, or
stimulant products. Since Zibethum was exotic and among the curious ingredients
of animal origin, in Transylvanian pharmacies it was mentioned as “Zibethum
veris” (real, authentic Zibetum).
The stress on its authenticity betrays the clients’ lack of trust in the
bizarre products of the era. Similarly, the Mummy Powder was also accompanied
by the adjective “veris”.
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| Old engraving depicting civet cats |
Zibethum
is mentioned in several of the pharmacy inventories of Transylvania (of Alba
Iulia in 1751 and 1752, of Târgu Mureş in 1789), in all three apothecary taxes
written for Transylvania during the eighteenth century (by Tobias Maucksch in
1750, by Hutter-Soterius in 1753, by Felfalusi and Ahlefeld in 1753) and in the
Pharmacopoeia Austriacoprovincialis of 1774.
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| Nineteenth-century milky glass apothecary jar inscribed Zibetum and the 1789 inventory of the pharmacy in Targu Mures listing the ingredient. |
The History of Pharmacy Collection in Cluj-Napoca includes one jar made of milky glass with the paper label inscribed
ZIBETUM and the 1789 inventory of the pharmacy from Târgu Mureş that mentions
the product. The glass jar was used in the beginning of the nineteenth century
in a pharmacy from Baia Mare – evidence of the fact that the product continued
to be used after the end of the eighteenth century as well.
Those
who believe the consumption of wild cat secretions is weird must be advised
that people’s obsession with these animals’ digestion continues today, as the
much appreciated Kopi Luwak coffee is obtained from beans partly digested and
eliminated through feces by the wild palm Asian cats.
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| Kopi Luwak, the most expensive coffee |
